USAF 1951 Resolution Test Target | Group 0-9 | Fulteng – Fulteng

USAF1951 Resolution Test Targets | Group -2 to 9 | Glass,Ceramic,UVFS,Pet Film

$1,357.65

Model

USAF1951-UVFS-2IN-P-G0_9

In stock

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Can I cancel my order and get a refund after payment?

Yes. If you contact us within 1 day after placing the order, the payment can usually be refunded before the order is processed.

Please contact us at admin@fulteng.com as soon as possible with your order details.

How long does shipment take?

Order preparation usually takes 3–5 working days before shipment.

After the order is shipped, international delivery usually takes around 3–10 days, depending on the destination country and local delivery process.

How will my order be delivered?

We use e-commerce logistics to deliver the order to you.

The general process is:

Order processing — payment is checked and stock is confirmed.
Packing — the product is picked, packed, and prepared for shipment.
Carrier hand-off — the package is passed to the logistics provider.
Last-mile delivery — the local courier delivers the package to your address or collection point.

When will I receive the tracking number?

The tracking number is usually available only after the package reaches the last-mile courier stage.

This means tracking may not appear immediately after the order is packed or shipped.

Can I return a standard product?

Yes. Standard products can be returned for any reason within 7 days after you receive the goods.

Please note:

The item should be returned in its original condition.
The return shipping cost is paid by the customer.
The standard return shipping cost is USD $35.

Can I return a custom product?

Custom products are made or prepared according to your specific requirements, so they usually cannot be returned.

Custom products can only be returned or handled if there is a confirmed quality problem with the product.

USAF 1951 resolution target: A standard bar-pattern test target used to measure the smallest detail an imaging system can resolve.

Typical applications:

Lens resolution testing
Microscope calibration
Camera module validation
Machine vision setup
Focus and alignment checking
Optical inspection system comparison

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Group Number

The larger category of line spacing. Higher group number = finer lines = higher resolution.

Group -2: up to 0.45 lp/mm
Group -1: up to 0.89 lp/mm
Group 0: up to 1.78 lp/mm
Group 1: up to 3.56 lp/mm
Group 2: up to 7.13 lp/mm
Group 3: up to 14.25 lp/mm
Group 4: up to 28.51 lp/mm
Group 5: up to 57.02 lp/mm
Group 6: up to 114.04 lp/mm
Group 7: up to 228.07 lp/mm
Group 8: up to 456.14 lp/mm
Group 9: up to 912.29 lp/mm

Element Number

The smaller step inside each group. Each group usually has 6 elements, numbered 1 to 6.

Group -2: E1/E6 = 0.25 / 0.45 lp/mm
Group 0: E1/E6 = 1.00 / 1.78 lp/mm
Group 3: E1/E6 = 8.00 / 14.25 lp/mm
Group 7: E1/E6 = 128.00 / 228.07 lp/mm
Group 9: E1/E6 = 512.00 / 912.29 lp/mm

Positive vs. Negative

Positive targets use opaque patterns on a clear background; negative targets use clear patterns on an opaque background.

Use a positive target when your real object looks like black/dark lines on a bright background.
Use a negative target when your real object looks like bright lines/openings on a dark background.

Product Ordering Tables

Product Ordering Tables
Model	Size	Polarity	Min Group	Max Group	Material	Accuracy	Price	Qty.
Group 0-5, Positive, 1in x 1in, Ceramic Substrate USAF1951-CER-1IN-P-G0_5	1x1in	Positive	0	5	ceramic	± 0.5um	$76.81	Qty.
Group 0-5, Negative, 1in x 1in, Ceramic Substrate USAF1951-CER-1IN-N-G0_5	1x1in	Negative	0	5	ceramic	± 0.5um	$76.81	Qty.
Group 0-7, Positive, 1in x 1in, Ceramic Substrate USAF1951-CER-1IN-P-G0_7	1x1in	Positive	0	7	ceramic	± 0.5um	$126.43	Qty.
Group 0-7, Negative, 1in x 1in, Ceramic Substrate USAF1951-CER-1IN-N-G0_7	1x1in	Negative	0	7	ceramic	± 0.5um	$126.43	Qty.
Group 0-9, Positive, 1in x 1in, UV Fused Silica Substrate USAF1951-UVFS-1IN-P-G0_9	1x1in	Positive	0	9	uv fused silica	± 0.5um	$1,108.12	Qty.
Group 0-9, Negative, 1in x 1in, UV Fused Silica Substrate USAF1951-UVFS-1IN-N-G0_9	1x1in	Negative	0	9	uv fused silica	± 0.5um	$1,182.68	Qty.
Group 0-9, Positive, 2in x 2in, UV Fused Silica Substrate USAF1951-UVFS-2IN-P-G0_9	2x2in	Positive	0	9	uv fused silica	± 0.5um	$1,357.65	Qty.
Group 0-9, Negative, 2in x 2in, UV Fused Silica Substrate USAF1951-UVFS-2IN-N-G0_9	2x2in	Negative	0	9	uv fused silica	± 0.5um	$1,432.22	Qty.
Group -2-9, Positive, 3in x 3in, UV Fused Silica Substrate USAF1951-UVFS-3IN-P-GM2_9	3x3in	Positive	-2	9	uv fused silica	± 0.5um	$1,607.18	Qty.
Group -2-9, Negative, 3in x 3in, UV Fused Silica Substrate USAF1951-UVFS-3IN-N-GM2_9	3x3in	Negative	-2	9	uv fused silica	± 0.5um	$1,681.75	Qty.
Group 0-8, Positive, 1in x 1in, UV Fused Silica Substrate USAF1951-UVFS-1IN-P-G0_8	1x1in	Positive	0	8	uv fused silica	± 0.5um	$496.02	Qty.
Group 0-8, Negative, 1in x 1in, UV Fused Silica Substrate USAF1951-UVFS-1IN-N-G0_8	1x1in	Negative	0	8	uv fused silica	± 0.5um	$559.11	Qty.
Group 0-7, Positive, 1in x 1in, Optical Glass Substrate USAF1951-OPG-1IN-P-G0_7	1x1in	Positive	0	7	optical glass	± 0.5um	$17.89	Qty.
Group 0-7, Negative, 1in x 1in, Optical Glass Substrate USAF1951-OPG-1IN-N-G0_7	1x1in	Negative	0	7	optical glass	± 0.5um	$17.89	Qty.
Group 0-7, Positive, 2in x 2in, Optical Glass Substrate USAF1951-OPG-2IN-P-G0_7	2x2in	Positive	0	7	optical glass	± 0.5um	$68.00	Qty.
Group 0-7, Negative, 2in x 2in, Optical Glass Substrate USAF1951-OPG-2IN-N-G0_7	2x2in	Negative	0	7	optical glass	± 0.5um	$68.00	Qty.
Group -2-7, Positive, 3in x 3in, Optical Glass Substrate USAF1951-OPG-3IN-P-GM2_7	3x3in	Positive	-2	7	optical glass	± 0.5um	$92.96	Qty.
Group -2-7, Negative, 3in x 3in, Optical Glass Substrate USAF1951-OPG-3IN-N-GM2_7	3x3in	Negative	-2	7	optical glass	± 0.5um	$92.96	Qty.
Group 0-4, Positive, 1in x 1in, PET Substrate USAF1951-PET-1IN-P-G0_4	1x1in	Positive	0	4	pet	± 0.5um	$15.89	Qty.
Group 0-4, Negative, 1in x 1in, PET Substrate USAF1951-PET-1IN-N-G0_4	1x1in	Negative	0	4	pet	± 0.5um	$15.89	Qty.
Group 0-5, Positive, 2in x 2in, PET Substrate USAF1951-PET-2IN-P-G0_5	2x2in	Positive	0	5	pet	± 0.5um	$37.77	Qty.
Group 0-5, Negative, 2in x 2in, PET Substrate USAF1951-PET-2IN-N-G0_5	2x2in	Negative	0	5	pet	± 0.5um	$37.77	Qty.

How do I know if a USAF 1951 line group is resolved?

A USAF 1951 group is resolved when both the vertical and horizontal three-line patterns remain separated.

Very resolvable: clear and sharp
Just OK: softer, but still separated
Not resolvable: blurred together

The finest group that still remains separated is the practical resolution limit of your imaging system.

What is USAF1951 Target?

This product is designed and manufactured according to the US military standard MIL-STD-150A. Its different resolution units use corresponding group and element labels, and the resolution of each unit can be determined by looking up a table. Its applications are wide-ranging, from complex optical systems in aviation, aerospace, and astronomical telescopes to the manufacturing of commonly used optical products in daily life. It is not only suitable for evaluating the imaging quality of various optical instruments and equipment (such as stereo microscopes, collimators, and telescopes), but also highly suitable for evaluating the imaging quality of various lenses and optical components (such as aerial reconnaissance lenses, aerial mapping lenses, projection lenses, microscope lenses, camera lenses, video camera lenses, and industrial camera lenses).

How to use the USAF1951 Test Target

The four-step method is as follows:

1. Installation and Focusing: Place the resolution plate on the focal plane of the system under test (e.g., on the microscope stage, directly in front of the camera), ensuring the plate is perpendicular to the optical axis. Use uniform illumination (front light or backlight) and adjust the focus to achieve the sharpest image. Note: Focus first on the thicker lines, then fine-tune to the finest area to avoid misjudgment.

2. Finding the Limit (Reading): Observe sequentially from the larger group (thicker lines, such as Group 0) to the smaller group (thinner lines, such as Group 7). Find the last group where you can clearly distinguish three independent lines (horizontal or vertical). Record the group number and element number of this pattern.

Criterion: When the lines are blurred and merged into one, or when the three lines cannot be distinguished, it is considered indistinguishable. The limiting resolution at this point is the previous group (the one you can clearly see). 3. Calculate Resolution (lp/mm): Based on the recorded group number (G) and element number (E), obtain the object space resolution value (line pairs/mm, lp/mm) using a formula or table lookup. (Calculation formula: Resolution R = 2^[G + (E - 1)/6])

4. Calculate System Resolution: If you are testing an imaging system (e.g., a camera photographing a resolution chart), magnification must be considered. The system's resolution in the sensor plane (image space) = object space resolution × (image height / object height).

Key Considerations:
Pseudo-resolution: When focusing is severely inaccurate or aberrations are excessive, extremely fine lines that should be blurred may become "sharp" again due to diffraction effects, but at this time the line contrast is extremely low or the position is incorrect. The criterion must be that three lines are clearly countable and have normal contrast.

Directional Differences: The resolution in the horizontal and vertical directions may differ (affected by astigmatism or the sensor); it is recommended to record them separately.

Field uniformity: In addition to the center, the resolution at the edges and corners of the field of view should also be checked to assess the image quality at the lens edges.

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USAF1951 Resolution Test Targets | Group -2 to 9 | Glass,Ceramic,UVFS,Pet Film

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